Computational Geometry Computation and KNN Segmentation in ITK
Cardenes R., Sanchez M.R., Ruiz-Alzola J.
University of las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1926/204
This work describes the implementation of computational geometry algorithms developed within the Insight Toolkit (ITK): Distance Transform (DT), Voronoi diagrams, k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) transform, and finally a K Nearest Neighbor classifier for multichannel data, that is used for supervised segmentation. We have tested this algorithm for 2D and 3D medical datasets, and the results are excellent in terms of accuracy and performance. One of the strongest points of the algorithms described here is that they can be used for many other applications, because they are based on the ordered propagation paradigm. This idea consists in actually not raster scan the image but rather in start from the image objects and propagate them until the image is totally filled. This has been demonstrated to be a good approach in many algorithms as for example, computation of Distance Transforms, Voronoi Diagrams, Fast Marching, skeletons computation, etc. We show here that these algorithms have low computational complexity and it provides excellent results for clinical applications as the segmentation of brain MRI.
Data
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Code
minus Automatic Testing Results by Insight-Journal Dashboard on Tue Aug 29 12:15:51 2006 for revision #2
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plus Automatic Testing Results by Insight-Journal Dashboard on Tue Jul 11 16:22:09 2006 for revision #1
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Reviews
minus Voronoi Diagrams and KNN Segmentation in ITK by Ipek Oguz on 09-04-2006 for revision #2
starstarstarstarstar expertise: 2 sensitivity: 4.7
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Summary:
The authors provide a time and memory efficient implementation in ITK framework for computing Voronoi diagrams of a set of objects, as well as a k Nearest Neighbor transform that can be used for MRI segmentations. The kNN implementation is based on the output of the provided voronoiFilter. The implementation is based on an algorithm presented in [3], but improves its computational efficiency.

Evidence:
This paper is presenting a faster implementation for the problems it addresses, and convincing computation time plots are provided. A brief mathematical proof of better computational complexity could have been useful, too.

Open Science:
Source code is provided, and it seems these filters can be integrated to the ITK.

Reproducibility:
The authors provide their implementations. I have not run the code.

Code Quality:
Some comments in the source code is in Spanish (I think), which is confusing.

Applicability to other problems:
The Voronoi diagram computation and kNN segmentation methods are useful for many applications beside medical imaging.

Requests for additional information from authors:
It is not explained why the current implementation is limited to only 2 channels for data. How difficult would it be for the user to extend this code to an arbitrary number of channels?

Additional Comments:
The figure 4 is missing axis labels, and it took me a while to understand what was being shown. Also, one of the strongest arguments of the paper is that it provides a faster solution than existing algoritms; therefore I think the time efficiency comparison with the Danielsson DT implementation should be communicated more clearly and convincingly.
minus Fast ITK implementations of kNN classifications by Jim Miller on 08-30-2006 for revision #2
starstarstarstarstar expertise: 3 sensitivity: 4.3
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Summary:
This paper describes methods and implementations for non-parametric classification based on k nearest neighbors.

Evidence:
Timing plots comparing the execution time of this kNN implementation against a stock implementation.

Open Science:
Source code is provided.

Reproducibility:
I downloaded the code and it built on Visual Studio .NET 2003 without issue.

Use of Open Source Software:
This is based on ITK.

Open Source Contributions:
Source code is provided.

Code Quality:
Code does not adhere to the ITK coding conventions. Will need to be cleaned up.

It is unclear how to use the filter. The paper would benefit from an illustrative example of how to tie together the filters to perform a classification. Perhaps the architecture needs some work in order to tie into the ITK pipeline better. In particular, the specification of the prototypes could fit into ITK better.

Applicability to other problems:
kNN classification is an important non-parametric technique in medical and biological image analysis (as well as other domains).

Suggestions for future work:
[Suggest to authors future directions for improving their methods, or other domains from which they could learn technique that could help them advance in their research.]

Requests for additional information from authors:
The figures could use more description. Particularly Figure 4 which shows multiple timing responses that are not labeled.

The authors indicate the methods are N-dimensional. But the authors also state that the they provide 1 and 2 channel methods. Does this mean the implementation is not N-dimensional?

Additional Comments:
Minor language issues in the text.
plus Good KNN implementation for ITK, but can be improved by Martin Styner on 08-29-2006 for revision #1
starstarstarstarstar expertise: 4 sensitivity: 4.7
plus A Faster Fast Distance Transform! by Chris Mcintosh on 08-21-2006 for revision #1
starstarstarstarstar expertise: 2 sensitivity: 4.7
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Information
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Paper Id: 94
Keywords: Distance Transform, Voronoi Diagrams, Computational Geometry, KNN Segmentation, multichannel segmentation, ordered propagation, KNN Transform,
Toolkit: ITK
Revision: 2 (08-29-2006)
Status: Accepted for publication

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Paper: view, .pdf

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Associated Publications
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ITK Order K Distance Transform
A Generalized Squared Euclidean Distance Transform with Voronoi Maps

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